Heavy metals enter the human body through the gastrointestinal tract, skin, or via inhalation.
Toxic metals have proven to be a major threat to human health, mostly because of their …

Mercury (Hg) is a chemical of health concern worldwide that is now being acted upon
through the Minamata Convention. Operationalizing the Convention and tracking its …

The obstetrics-gynecology community has issued a call to action to prevent toxic
environmental chemical exposures and their threats to healthy human reproduction. Recent …

Living Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to
the present, showing how our body's most visible trait influences our social interactions in …

Most of the positive effects of solar radiation are mediated via ultraviolet-B (UVB) induced
production of vitamin D in skin. However, several other pathways may exist for the action of …

Skin lightening for cosmetic reasons is associated with profound negative impacts on well-
being, and adverse effects on the skin, resulting in immense challenges for dermatologists …

Tyrosinase is a key regulatory multifunctional enzyme containing copper that is responsible
for the biosynthesis of melanin that determines the color of the skin. Accumulation of …

Mercury is a common but dangerous ingredient found in skin lightening creams and soaps.
Beauty standards promoted by media, advertising and marketing reinforce the bias that …

The use of bleaching products can have a medical or cosmetic purpose; in the latter case,
skin whitening is most widespread in countries where darker skin tones prevail and can be …

Lightening skin tone is an ancient and well‐documented practice, and remains common
practice among many cultures. Whitening agents such as corticosteroids, tretinoin and …