Physics is a field of science that has traditionally used the scientific method to answer
questions about why natural phenomena occur and to make testable models that explain the …

West Africa is known to be particularly vulnerable to climate change due to high climate
variability, high reliance on rain-fed agriculture, and limited economic and institutional …

Flash drought is characterized by a period of rapid drought intensification with impacts on
agriculture, water resources, ecosystems, and the human environment. Addressing these …

Year-to-year changes in carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems have an essential role in
determining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It remains uncertain to what extent …

Reduced evaporation due to dry soils can affect the land surface energy balance, with
implications for local and downwind precipitation. When evaporation is constrained by soil …

Extreme events such as heat waves are among the most challenging aspects of climate
change for societies. We show that climate models consistently project increases in …

Drought and pluvial transitions have attracted widespread attention. However, the dynamic
evolution and underlying mechanisms of drought and pluvial transitions remain poorly …

Land–atmosphere (LA) interactions are a main driver of Earth's surface water and energy
budgets; as such, they modulate near-surface climate, including clouds and precipitation …

Many of the scientific and societal challenges in understanding and preparing for global
environmental change rest upon our ability to understand and predict the water cycle …

Bosilovich, MG, and Coauthors, 2015: MERRA-2: Initial evaluation of the climate. NASA/TM-
2015-104606, Vol. 43, 139 pp.[Available online at https://gmao. gsfc. nasa …