Reproductive function and fertility are thought to be compromised by behaviors such as
cigarette smoking, substance abuse, and alcohol consumption; however, the strength of …

Background. There has been an apparent decline in sperm density during the last 5
decades in Denmark, a country in which women have among the highest rates of smoking in …

The scientific evidence on the effects of preconceptional and prenatal exposure to
environmental tobacco smoke on reproductive health is reviewed in this article. The …

STUDY QUESTION To what extent is cigarette smoking associated with reduced
fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER Current female smokers, particularly those who had …

The reproductive system of human female exhibits a much faster rate of aging than other
body systems. Ovarian aging is thought to be dominated by a gradual decreasing numbers …

STUDY QUESTION How are temporal trends in lifestyle factors, including exposure to
maternal smoking in utero, associated to semen quality in young men from the general …

Maternal cigarette smoking may affect the intrauterine hormonal environment during
pregnancy and this early fetal exposure may have detrimental effects on the future trajectory …

Background Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) exposure accelerates atherosclerosis and
contains known ovotoxic chemicals. However, effects of exposure to PM2. 5 on the finite …

This section addresses the combined effects on cancer risk of cigarette smoking and other
agents also associated with risk, excluding smokeless tobacco. The chapter is restricted to …

Objective: To evaluate the impact of cigarette smoking on male factor subfertility and the
semen parameters of sperm count, motility, and morphology by questionnaire and …