Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the foremost type of dementia that afflicts considerable morbidity
and mortality in aged population. Several transcription molecules, pathways, and molecular …

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) can regulate neuronal excitability by acting on the
cys-loop cation-conducting ligand-gated nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) channels. These …

The abilities of stem cells to self-renew and form different mature cells expand the
possibilities of applications in cell-based therapies such as tissue recomposition in …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous
system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells …

Stem cells are known for their capacity to self‐renew and differentiate into at least one
specialized cell type. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were isolated initially from bone …

Background Phthalate have been detected widely in the environment; while several studies
have indicated that prenatal phthalate exposure has adverse effects on neurodevelopment …

Ortho-phthalate diesters, or phthalates, are widely used synthetic chemicals found primarily
in consumer products and polyvinyl chloride plastics. Experimental evidence suggests that …

Calcium signals regulate many critical processes during vertebrate brain development
including neurogenesis, neurotransmitter specification, and axonal outgrowth. However, the …

Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disease characterized by continuous or relapsing
episodes of psychosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this psychiatric …

In recent years, significant progress has been made in organ transplantation, surgical
reconstruction, and the use of artificial prostheses to treat the loss or failure of an organ or …