Therapeutic opioid use has increased substantially, specifically of Schedule II drugs. Apart
from lack of effectiveness (except for short-term, acute pain) there are multiple adverse …

An overreliance on opioids has impacted all types of pain management, making it
undoubtedly a root cause of the “epidemic” of prescription opioid abuse in the United States …

Objective. To assess the efficacy of opioids in adults with chronic low back pain (CLBP).
Summary of Background Data. Opioids for CLBP has increased dramatically. However, the …

Background Perioperative neuropathic pain is underrecognized and often undertreated.
Chronic pain may develop after any routine surgery, but it can have a far greater incidence …

Chronic pain is one of the most prevalent and costly problems in the United States today.
Traditional medical treatments for it, though, have not been consistently efficacious or cost …

Background This is the first update of the original Cochrane Review published in 2013. The
conclusions of this review have not changed from the 2013 publication. People with chronic …

There is an expectation that, on average, pain will increase with age, through accumulated
injury, physical wear and tear, and an increasing burden of disease. Consistent with that …

The aim of the study was epidemiologically to evaluate the long-term effects of opioids on
pain relief, quality of life and functional capacity in long-term/chronic non-cancer pain. The …

Background and aims Observational studies have yielded conflicting results on the
association of prescription opioid use (POU) with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) …

Background Use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain is increasing, but standards of care
for this practice are poorly defined. Psychiatric disorders are associated with increased …