The environment in which the fetus develops is critical for its survival and long-term health.
The regulation of normal human fetal growth involves many multidirectional interactions …

Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with numerous obstetrical, fetal, and
developmental complications, as well as an increased risk of adverse health consequences …

Objectives To estimate small for gestational age birth prevalence and attributable neonatal
mortality in low and middle income countries with the INTERGROWTH-21 st birth weight …

Objective: To determine the effects of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure on birth
outcomes. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in accordance …

Parents who choose to smoke are possibly not aware of, or deny, the negative effects of
passive smoking on their offspring. This review summarises a wide range of effects of …

Essential hypertension is one of the most common dis-eases in the Western world, affecting
about 26.4% of the adult population, and it is increasing (1). Its causes are heterogeneous …

Individual differences in cognitive ability may in part have prenatal origins. In high-risk (low
birth weight/premature) babies, birth weight correlates positively with cognitive test scores in …

Regulation of fetal growth is multifactorial and complex. Diverse factors, including intrinsic
fetal conditions as well as maternal and environmental factors, can lead to intrauterine …

Background Meta-analyses of studies investigating the impact of maternal environmental
tobacco smoke (ETS) on birth weight have not produced robust findings. Although, ante …

Background Oesophageal cancer is a common and often fatal cancer that has two main
histological subtypes: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and oesophageal …