Scorpions are an ancient and diverse venomous lineage, with over 2200 currently
recognized species. Only a small fraction of scorpion species are considered harmful to …

The twelve Arab countries of the Middle East are inhabited by 117 species of scorpions of
varying medical importance within six families. Scorpion stings are a very common …

The Middle East and Northern Africa, collectively known as the MENA region, are inhabited
by a plethora of venomous animals that cause up to 420,000 bites and stings each year. To …

Venom-gland transcriptomics is a key tool in the study of the evolution, ecology, function,
and pharmacology of animal venoms. In particular, gene-expression variation and coding …

Venom and poison peptides are powerful biological weapons and have proven immense
pharmacological potential because of their high binding affinity to a wide range of molecular …

Scorpions are distributed throughout Iran and the genus Hemiscorpius is particularly
important in this region. Hemiscorpius lepturus is the most significant species within the …

Of the 14 extant scorpion families, Buthidae has the most thoroughly characterized venoms.
Most of this characterization, however, has been limited to species with medically significant …

Venom hyaluronidase is an enzyme belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family that plays a
critical role in systemic envenomation by spreading toxins in tissue and destruction of the …

Background An effective therapy against envenoming should be a priority in view of the high
number scorpion stings and snakebites. Serum therapy is still widely applied to treat the …

Nature's library of venoms is a vast and untapped resource that has the potential of
becoming the source of a wide variety of new drugs and therapeutics. The discovery of these …