CKD frequently leads to chronic cardiac dysfunction. This complex relationship has been
termed as cardiorenal syndrome type 4 or cardio-renal link. Despite numerous studies and …

Homeostasis is a prerequisite for health. When homeostasis becomes disrupted, dysfunction
occurs. This is especially the case for the gut microbiota, which under normal conditions …

We determined whether gut microbiota-produced trimethylamine (TMA) is oxidized into
trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in nonliver tissues and whether TMAO promotes …

Vascular calcification (VC) is common in dialysis and non-dialysis chronic kidney disease
(CKD) patients, even in the early stage of the disease. For this reason, it can be considered …

Background Developing strategies for managing coronary artery calcification (CAC) in
patients with CKD is an important clinical challenge. Experimental studies have …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis progression
and high incidence of cardiovascular events, hinting that atherosclerotic plaques in CKD …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the retention of a myriad of solutes termed
uraemic (or uremic) toxins, which inflict damage to several organs, including the …

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the modern
society. The rupture of atherosclerotic plaque can induce thrombus formation, which is the …

Background and aims Malnutrition and inflammation are closely linked to vascular
calcification (VC), the severity of which correlate with adverse outcome. However, there were …

Individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing
cognitive disorders and dementia. Stroke is also highly prevalent in this population and is …