Oxidative stress (OS) has greatly interested the research community in understanding
damaging processes occurring in cells. OS is triggered by an imbalance between reactive …

Cadmium is a nonessential metal that has heavily polluted the environment due to human
activities. It can be absorbed into the human body via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory …

The kidney requires a large number of mitochondria to remove waste from the blood and
regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. Mitochondria provide the energy to drive these …

Mitochondria are essential organelles in physiology and kidney diseases, because they
produce cellular energy required to perform their function. During mitochondrial metabolism …

We examined the effects of empagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of Na+-glucose cotransporter
2, on mitochondrial quality control and autophagy in renal tubular cells in a diabetic …

Taurine is an abundant, β-amino acid with diverse cytoprotective activity. In some species,
taurine is an essential nutrient but in man it is considered a semi-essential nutrient, although …

Twenty years have passed since Brownlee and colleagues proposed a single unifying
mechanism for diabetic complications, introducing a turning point in this field of research …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in
the United States and many other countries. DKD occurs through a variety of pathogenic …

The global burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) intertwined with cardiovascular disease
has become a major health problem. Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the …

The kidney is a vital organ that demands an extraordinary amount of energy to actively
maintain the body's metabolism, plasma hemodynamics, electrolytes and water …