The physiological role of estrogen in the female endometrium is well established. On the
basis of responses to steroid hormones (progesterone, androgen, and estrogen), the …

Oestrogens and their receptors contribute broadly to physiology and diseases. In
premenopausal women, endogenous oestrogens protect against cardiovascular, metabolic …

The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in
both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways …

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many
disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to …

Estrogen receptors (ER) include ER alpha, ER beta and new membrane receptor G protein-
coupled receptor 30 (GPR30). Estrogen receptors are key receptors to maintain ovarian …

Estrogens play a critical role in many aspects of physiology, particularly female reproductive
function, but also in pathophysiology, and are associated with protection from numerous …

Estrogen can elicit pleiotropic cellular responses via a diversity of estrogen receptors (ERs)—
mediated genomic and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. Unlike the genomic responses …

Preeclampsia (PE) results in placental dysfunction and is one of the primary causes of
maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. During pregnancy, estrogen is produced primarily …

Rapid effects of steroid hormones were discovered in the early 1950s, but the subject was
dominated in the 1970s by discoveries of estradiol and progesterone stimulating protein …

Estrogens are critical mediators of multiple and diverse physiologic effects throughout the
body in both sexes, including the reproductive, cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, and …