Motile cilia are highly complex hair-like organelles of epithelial cells lining the surface of
various organ systems. Genetic mutations (usually with autosomal recessive inheritance) …

BACKGROUND Infertility is a major issue in human reproductive health, affecting an
estimated 15% of couples worldwide. Infertility can result from disorders of sex development …

The core axoneme structure of both the motile cilium and sperm tail has the same
ultrastructural 9+ 2 microtubular arrangement. Thus, it can be expected that genetic defects …

A finely regulated system of airway epithelial development governs the differentiation of
motile ciliated cells of the human respiratory tract, conferring the body's mucociliary …

Hydrocephalus is one of the most prevalent form of developmental central nervous system
(CNS) malformations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow depends on both heartbeat and body …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic ciliopathy in which mucociliary clearance
is disturbed by the abnormal motion of cilia or there is a severe reduction in the generation …

BACKGROUND Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic condition affecting the
structure and function of sperm flagellum and motile cilia including those in the male and …

Axonemal protein complexes, such as outer (ODA) and inner (IDA) dynein arms, are
responsible for the generation and regulation of flagellar and ciliary beating. Studies in …

Dysfunction of motile monocilia, altering the leftward flow at the embryonic node essential for
determination of left-right body asymmetry, is a major cause of laterality defects. Laterality …

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare inherited condition affecting motile cilia and
leading to organ laterality defects, recurrent sino-pulmonary infections, bronchiectasis, and …