G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) transmit extracellular signals into cells by activating G
protein‐and β‐arrestin‐dependent pathways. Extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs) …

Highlights•Cortical neurons may have an intrinsic ability to initiate a slow firing rhythm.•The
cortical firing pattern may actively regulate sleep and wake states.•Ca 2+-dependent …

Liquiritigenin (LQ), a flavonoid extracted from the radix of Glycyrrhiza, has anti-inflammatory
and neuroprotective properties. In this study, we evaluated the cognitive enhancing effects of …

Daidzein is one of the major isoflavfones found in soy food and plants. Following ingestion,
daidzein is readily converted to hydroxylated metabolites in the human body. 6, 7, 4 …

Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) downregulation in male mice is known to cause a depressive-like
phenotype. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region associated with affective regulation …

Worldwide, caffeine is among the most commonly used stimulatory substances.
Unfortunately, significant caffeine consumption is associated with several adverse effects …

Sleep deprivation due to present-day lifestyle and late-hours work commitments are
associated with a broad spectrum of neurobehavioral complications. Moreover, women, as …

Sleep is a restorative period that plays a crucial role in the physiological functioning of the
body, including that of the immune system, memory processing, and cognition. Sleep …

Anxiety disorders commonly occur in Parkinson's disease. Using field potential recording
and patch-clamp recording, we evaluated influence of MPTP-reduced dopaminergic afferent …

Peptoids are a class of peptidomimetics whose pharmacological activities are widely
investigated owing to their remarkable biological stability. However, the utilities of peptoids …