Background Peptic ulcer disease is common with a lifetime prevalence in the general
population of 5–10% and an incidence of 0.1–0.3% per year. Despite a sharp reduction in …

The development of sequencing technology has expanded our knowledge of the human
gastric microbiome, which is now known to play a critical role in the maintenance of …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a 0.5–1 µm wide, 2–4 µm long, short helical, S-shaped
Gram-negative microorganism. It is mostly found in the pyloric region of the stomach and …

Background Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects four million people worldwide annually and
has an estimated lifetime prevalence of 5− 10% in the general population. Worldwide, there …

Gastrointestinal (GI) pain—a form of visceral pain—is common in some disorders, such as
irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease and pancreatitis. However, identifying the cause …

Highlights•pH is vital for the normal functioning of the body.•Drug targeting has been widely
used to increase efficacy and reduce adverse effects.•pH variation in different tissues and …

Peptic ulcer is one of the most common diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which, if not
addressed, can increase mortality in different communities. As regards the results of various …

Gastric ulcer is a painful lesion of the gastric mucosa which can be disabling, or even more
very serious in the case of a perforation of the stomach and internal hemorrhage. Traditional …

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in clinic.
Accumulating evidence suggests that PUD is associated with the gastrointestinal micro …

Due to (i) the simultaneous presence of Helicobacter pylori (ulcer-induced bacteria) and
Candida albicans in the stomach and (ii) the possibility of prokaryotic–eukaryotic …