Background Swimming, a sport practiced in hypogravity, has sometimes been associated
with decreased bone mass. Aim This systematic review aims to summarize and update …

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is a critical regulator of growth, especially during
fetal development, while also playing a central role in metabolic homeostasis. Endocrine …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a potent mitogenic protein which can enhance the
osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts. However, it remains …

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the regulation of tooth root
development, and stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are responsible for the formation of …

Insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) is a multifunctional peptide that can enhance osteogenic
differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC s). However, it remains …

Sport is the leading cause of injury among adolescents and girls incur more non-contact
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures than boys, with this gender disparity in injury …

To find out which of the following parameters—serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1
(IGF-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), leptin, osteocalcin (OC), and urinary excretion of N-terminal …

Anorexia nervosa (AN) affects 2.9 million people, many of whom experience bone loss and
increased fracture risk. In this article, we review data on the underlying pathophysiology of …

Context: The extent to which 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] and IGF-I influence bone
mineral content (BMC) accrual from early to mid-puberty is unclear. Objective, Setting, and …

Background: Chronic cadmium exposure has been associated with osteotoxicity in adults,
but little is known concerning its effects on early growth, which has been shown to be …