Considering that life on earth evolved about 3.7 billion years ago, vertebrates are young,
appearing in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion about 542 to 515 million years …

Confidence in molecular dating analyses has grown with the increasing sophistication of the
methods. Some problematic cases where molecular dates disagreed with paleontological …

Phagocytosis, or 'cell eating', is a eukaryote-specific process where particulate matter is
engulfed via invaginations of the plasma membrane. The origin of phagocytosis has been …

Mass extinctions have repeatedly shaped global biodiversity. The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-
Pg) mass extinction caused the demise of numerous vertebrate groups, and its aftermath …

Although the genetic regulation of cellular differentiation processes is well established,
recent studies have revealed the role of mechanotransduction on a variety of biological …

Terminal selectors are transcription factors that control the morphological, physiological, and
molecular features that characterize distinct cell types. Here, we show that, in the sea …

Multiple factors are required to form functional lymphatic vessels. Here, we uncover an
essential role for the secreted protein Svep1 and the transmembrane receptor Tie1 during …

Background Divergence time estimation is fundamental to understanding many aspects of
the evolution of organisms, such as character evolution, diversification, and biogeography …

Important evolutionary events such as the Cambrian Explosion have inspired many attempts
at explanation: why do they happen when they do? What shapes them, and why do they …

Neurogenesis initiates during early development and it continues through later
developmental stages and in adult animals to enable expansion, remodeling, and …