Oxidative stress is a major driving mechanism in the pathogenesis of COPD. There is
increased oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD patients due to exogenous oxidants in …

Inflammation of the human lung is mediated in response to different stimuli (eg, physical,
radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic or toxic) such as cigarette smoke and environmental …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory disease that is
characterized by functional and structural alterations primarily caused by long-term …

Oxygen-derived free radicals, collectively termed reactive oxygen species (ROS), play
important roles in immunity, cell growth, and cell signaling. In excess, however, ROS are …

Glucocorticoids are hormones that regulate several functions in living organisms and
synthetic glucocorticoids are the most powerful anti-inflammatory pharmacological tool that …

Increasing evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a
complex disease involving more than airflow obstruction. Airflow obstruction has profound …

Oxidative stress is caused predominantly by accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and
distinguishes inflamed tissue from healthy tissue. Hydrogen peroxide could potentially be …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of death and disability, but has
only recently been extensively explored from a cellular and molecular perspective. There is …

Markers of oxidative stress are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are able to alter biological molecules, signaling …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by an inappropriate/
excessive inflammatory response of the lungs to respiratory pollutants, mainly tobacco …