Plant hormones are signalling compounds that regulate crucial aspects of growth,
development and environmental stress responses. Abiotic stresses, such as drought …

Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic
organisms. Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis …

Natural products are compounds produced by living organisms and can be divided into two
main categories: primary (PMs) and secondary metabolites (SMs). Plant PMs are crucial for …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic
stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing …

Drought stress affects plant growth and development by altering physiological and
biochemical processes resulting in reduced crop productivity. Zinc (Zn) is an essential …

Drought stress negatively affects crop performance and weakens global food security. It
triggers the activation of downstream pathways, mainly through phytohormones …

Phytohormones are endogenously produced organic substances indispensable for
regulating plant growth and yield and also play major role in inducing tolerance to plants …

Dynamic environmental changes such as extreme temperature, water scarcity and high
salinity affect plant growth, survival, and reproduction. Plants have evolved sophisticated …

Key message Extensive crosstalk exists among ABA and different phytohormones that
modulate plant tolerance against different abiotic stress. Being sessile, plants are exposed …

Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On the
basis that soil salinization has become a worldwide problem, studying the mechanisms of …