Background: Opioids are widely used in pain management, acting via opioid receptors
and/or Toll-like receptors (TLR) present at the central nervous system (CNS). At the blood …

Bone is the most common site of chronic pain in patients with metastatic cancer. What
remains unclear are the mechanisms that generate this pain and why bone cancer pain can …

Pain ranges in prevalence from 14–100% among cancer patients and occurs in 50–70% of
those in active treatment. Cancer pain may result from direct invasion of tumor into nerves …

Purpose To compare the effectiveness and side effects of methadone and morphine as first-
line treatment with opioids for cancer pain. Patients and Methods Patients in international …

Morphine is a widely used opioid for treatment of moderate to severe pain, but large
interindividual variability in patient response and no clear guidance on how to optimise …

In order to describe drug action at a GPCR, a full understanding of the pharmacological
terms affinity, efficacy and potency is necessary. This is true whether comparing the ability of …

Objective: The efficacy of intranasal fentanyl spray (INFS) was compared with that of oral
transmucosal fentanyl citrate (OTFC) for the relief of cancer-related breakthrough pain (BTP) …

Overview Pain, defined as “a sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage,” 1 is one of the most …

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of cancer was 12 667 470
new cases in 2008 and, based on projections, it will be> 15 million in 2020 [1]. Consistent …

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed due to the patient seeking medical attention for
abdominal pain. It is among the most painful cancers, with pain severity strongly correlating …