Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a disorder of cerebral microvessels that are characterized
as small (< 10 mm), hypointense, round or ovoid lesions seen on T2*-weighted gradient …

Damage accumulation in long-living macromolecules (especially extracellular matrix (ECM)
proteins, nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins, and histones) is a missing hallmark of aging …

The dense neuropil of the central nervous system leaves only limited space for extracellular
substances free. The advent of immunohistochemistry, soon followed by advanced …

Diabetic encephalopathy is now accepted as an important complication of diabetes. The
breakdown of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is associated with dementia in patients with type …

Evidence has begun emerging for the “contagious” and destructive Aβ42 (amyloid-beta42)
oligomers and phosphorylated Tau oligomers as drivers of sporadic Alzheimer's disease …

Vascular and metabolic dysfunctions and mitochondrial failure are now believed to be
contributors to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Vascular dysfunction includes …

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand membrane
receptor that has been implicated in the cytotoxicity effects of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in AD …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by
excessive beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition in brain, leading to blood–brain barrier (BBB) …

Purpose.: Chronic inflammation is implicated in the pathogenesis of AMD. The source of
chronic inflammation is often attributed to the progressive activation of immune cells over …

The “amyloid-β (Aβ) hypothesis” posits that accumulating Aβ peptides (Aβs) produced by
neurons cause Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the Aβs contribution by the more …