The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) in
December 2019 form Wuhan, China leads to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) …

Migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by a unilateral, throbbing, pulsing
headache, which lasts for hours to days, and the pain can interfere with daily activities. It …

Cortisol, a critical glucocorticoid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, plays a pivotal
role in various physiological processes. Its release is finely orchestrated by the …

Hot peppers, also called chilli, chilli pepper, or paprika of the plant genus Capsicum (family
Solanaceae), are one of the most used vegetables and spices worldwide. Capsaicin (8 …

Fibromyalgia is a high impact chronic pain disorder with a well-defined and robust clinical
phenotype. Key features include widespread pain and tenderness, high levels of sleep …

Mast cells (MCs) act as primary effectors in inflammatory and allergic reactions by releasing
intracellularly-stored inflammatory mediators in diseases. The two major pathways for MC …

Aim Ischemic damage to the brain is linked to an increased rate of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. In certain parts of the world, it remains a leading cause of mortality and the …

Migraine is one of the most common recurrent types of headache and is the seventh cause
of disability. This neurological disorder is characterized by having pain in head and other …

Currently, migraine is treated mainly by targeting calcitonin gene-related peptides, although
the efficacy of this method is limited and new treatment strategies are desired …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Migraines have become a major threat to human health,
as they significantly affect human health and quality of life due to a high prevalence rate …