Background Since there is a paucity of research on support for people using Anabolic
Androgenic Steroids (AAS), we aimed to identify and synthesise the available evidence in …

This article sets out to investigate the marketing of image and performance enhancing drugs
(IPEDs) on the social media platforms Facebook and Instagram. Drawing upon a …

It is well-established that performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) are effective in
increasing muscle mass and strength. PIEDs are unique in that, while harm may result from …

This book provides a timely criminological investigation into the rapidly growing sale of fake
medicines online. Some estimates suggest that the fake medicine trade has now overtaken …

This article investigates the phenomena of 'anabolics coaching', which describes the
practice of providing support and guidance on the appropriate and effective use of image …

Background This paper explores the understudied phenomenon of performance and image
enhancing drug (PIED) markets by examining the structure and formation of the market for …

In recent years there has been an increasing focus on the potential public health risks
attached to human enhancement drugs (HEDs). While much work has explored the use and …

Background Research with men who use anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) shows
typologies exist where some younger and less risk-averse users engage in polysubstance …

Background There have been notable shifts in the acquisition of anabolic androgenic
steroids over time, with face-to-face (within gyms) and online supply (eg internet forums …

This article theorizes a link between contemporary masculinity in postindustrial spaces and
'hardcore'gym culture. Over the last three decades the health and fitness industry has grown …