Decades of research advances have established a central role for endogenous opioid
systems in regulating reward processing, mood, motivation, learning and memory …

Excessive substance use and substance use disorders (SUDs) are common, serious and
relapsing medical conditions. They frequently co-occur with other diseases that are leading …

Background Neuropsychopharmacologic effects of long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) in the
context of chronic pain may result in subjective anhedonia coupled with decreased attention …

The brain µ-opioid receptor (MOR) is critical for the analgesic, rewarding, and addictive
effects of opioid drugs. However, in rat models of opioid-related behaviors, the circuit …

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether elevating levels of enkephalin by
inhibiting their degradation can attenuate stress‐induced migraine‐like behaviors in mice …

There exist three main types of endogenous opioid peptides, enkephalins, dynorphins and β-
endorphin, all of which are derived from their precursors. These endogenous opioid …

The striatum, known as the input nucleus of the basal ganglia, is extensively studied for its
diverse behavioral roles. However, the relationship between its neuronal and vascular …

Introduction Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by prolonged
sadness, loss of interest or pleasure. The dominant alpha peak activity in resting-state EEG …

Abstract µ-Opioid receptors (MOR) are a major target of endogenous and exogenous
opioids, including opioid pain medications. The µ-opioid neurotransmitter system is heavily …

The steady rise in opioid users and abusers has uncovered multiple detrimental health
consequences of perturbed opioid receptor signaling, thereby creating the need to better …