In this Review, I present evidence supporting a multifactorial causation of childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a major subtype of paediatric cancer. ALL evolves in two …

The concept that some childhood malignancies arise from postnatally persistent embryonal
cells has a long history. Recent research has strengthened the links between driver …

With the genetic portraits of all major human malignancies now available, we next face the
challenge of characterizing the function of mutated genes, their downstream targets …

There remains much that we do not understand about the earliest stages of human
development. On a gross level, there is evidence for apoptosis, but the nature of the affected …

B cell leukaemia is one of the most frequent malignancies in the paediatric population, but
also affects a significant proportion of adults in developed countries. The majority of infant …

Abstract ETV6/RUNX1 (E/R) is the most common fusion gene in childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Multiple lines of evidence imply a “two-hit” model for the …

ETV6-RUNX1 is associated with childhood acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL)
functioning as a first-hit mutation that initiates a clinically silent pre-leukemia in utero …

Insertional mutagenesis has been used as a functional forward genetics screen for the
identification of novel genes involved in the pathogenesis of human cancers. Different …

Immunophenotypic characterization of leukemic cells with the use of flow cytometry (FC) is a
fundamental tool in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnostics. A variety of genetic …

Distal enhancers play critical roles in sustaining oncogenic gene-expression programs. We
identify aberrant enhancer-like activation of GGAA tandem repeats as a characteristic …