Evolution of animal morphology, physiology and behaviour is shaped by the selective
pressures to which they are subject. Some selective pressures act to increase the benefits …

Across the animal kingdom, we see remarkable variation in brain size. This variation has
even increased over evolutionary time. Traditionally, studies aiming to explain brain size …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

The large variation in brain size that exists in the animal kingdom has been suggested to
have evolved through the balance between selective advantages of greater cognitive ability …

The human brain stands out among mammals by being unusually large. The expensive-
tissue hypothesis explains its evolution by proposing a trade-off between the size of the …

Reconstructing the evolution of brain information-processing capacity is paramount for
understanding the rise of complex cognition. Comparative studies of brain evolution typically …

Cognition is defined as the processes by which animals collect, retain and use information
from their environment to guide their behaviour. Thus cognition is essential in a wide range …

Phenotypic plasticity is ubiquitous and generally regarded as a key mechanism for enabling
organisms to survive in the face of environmental change. Because no organism is infinitely …

If social learning is more efficient than independent individual exploration, animals should
learn vital cultural skills exclusively, and routine skills faster, through social learning …

To explain variation in relative brain size among homoiothermic vertebrates, we propose the
Expensive Brain hypothesis as a unifying explanatory framework. It claims that the costs of a …