Most (if not all) tumors emerge and progress under a strong evolutionary pressure imposed
by trophic, metabolic, immunological, and therapeutic factors. The relative impact of these …

The natural history of cancers can be understood through the lens of evolution given that the
driving forces of cancer development are mutation and selection of fitter clones. Cancer …

DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) is associated with a high tumor mutational burden
(TMB) and sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Nevertheless, most …

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment and rejuvenated the field of tumor
immunology. Several types of immunotherapy, including adoptive cell transfer (ACT) and …

Advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis have translated
into knowledge-based therapies directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets …

The observation and analysis of intra-tumour heterogeneity (ITH), particularly in genomic
studies, has advanced our understanding of the evolutionary forces that shape cancer …

Checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapies that target cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4
(CTLA4) or the programmed cell death 1 (PD1) pathway have achieved impressive success …

Cancer is driven by multiple types of genetic alterations, which range in size from point
mutations to whole-chromosome gains and losses, known as aneuploidy. Chromosome …

As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion
frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various …

Intratumor heterogeneity may result from the evolution of tumor cells and their continuous
interactions with the tumor microenvironment which collectively drives tumorigenesis …