Venous abnormalities contribute to the pathophysiology of several neurological conditions.
This paper reviews the literature regarding venous abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) …

Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Background Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency has been proposed as a unique
combination of extracranial venous blockages and haemodynamic flow abnormalities that …

Background Increasing numbers of patients are raising their voice in online forums. This shift
is welcome as an act of patient autonomy, reflected in the term “expert patient”. At the same …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

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from 62% to 100% of obstructive lesions has been found by some teams in patients with MS …

Background: It has been proposed by Zamboni and colleagues that multiple sclerosis is
caused by chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency, a term used to describe ultrasound …

Purpose The three most widely used utility measures are the Health Utilities Index Mark 2
and 3 (HUI2 and HUI3), the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) and the Short-Form-6D (SF-6D). In line …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) was proposed as the
causal trigger for developing multiple sclerosis (MS). However, current data are …

In 2006, Zamboni reintroduced the concept that chronic impaired venous outflow of the
central nervous system is associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), coining the term of chronic …