The African continent is considered the largest high endemic area for the oncogenic
retrovirus HTLV-1 with an estimated two to five million infected individuals. However, data on …

Objectives Human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV)‐1 causes T‐cell leukaemia and myelopathy.
Together with HTLV‐2, it is endemic in some African nations. Seroprevalence data from …

Blood safety remains an issue of major concern in transfusion medicine in developing
countries where national blood transfusion services and policies, appropriate infrastructure …

Abstract The West African country Guinea-Bissau is home to the world's highest prevalence
of HIV-2, and its HIV-1 prevalence is rising. Other chronic viral infections like human T …

Background HIV-1 infection has been shown to impact the outcome of patients with
tuberculosis (TB), but data regarding the impact of HIV-2 on TB outcomes are limited. The …

Objectives: To investigate the association between the three human retroviruses, HIV-1, HIV-
2 and HTLV-I. Design: Community-based follow-up studies of retrovirus infections in two …

Background HTLV-1 is endemic in Guinea-Bissau, and the highest prevalence in the adult
population (5.2%) was observed in a rural area, Caió, in 1990. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are both …

Background Survival of people with HIV-2 and HTLV-1 infection is better than that of HIV-1
infected people, but long-term follow-up data are rare. We compared mortality rates of HIV-1 …

Abstract Background In Guinea-Bissau HIV-1, HIV-2, and HTLV-I are prevalent in the
general population. The natural history of HIV/HTLV-I single and dual infections has not …

Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) is endemic in injection drug users (IDU),
and native American populations in the Americas. Transmission is associated with high-risk …