The history of pandemic influenza, along with the evolving epizootic of the highly pathogenic
avian influenza A (H5N1) virus and the severity of associated human infections, serve as a …

Older adults (≥ 65 years of age) are particularly vulnerable to influenza illness. This is due
to a waning immune system that reduces their ability to respond to infection, which leads to …

Annual administration of the seasonal influenza vaccine is strongly recommended to reduce
the burden of disease, particularly for persons at the highest risk for the viral infection. Even …

Adjuvants are essential components of vaccines that have been particularly effective at
promoting protective humoral immunity to infectious diseases and preventing mortality and …

Currently, vaccination is the most efficient and cost-effective medical treatment for infectious
diseases; however, each year 10 million infants remain underimmunized due to current …

Influenza directly or indirectly contributes to the four leading causes of global mortality, at
rates that are highest in older adults. As the proportion of older adults in the Korean …

In recent decades, the improvement of traditional vaccines has meant that we have moved
from inactivated whole virus vaccines, which provoke a moderate immune response but …

Key concepts n Adjuvantation of vaccines is a well-established concept and practice n
Adjuvants enhance and modulate immune responses to antigens. This is particularly …

Particulate adjuvant systems are largely classified according to their functional
characteristics, such as the nature of the typical immune response they induce, or their …

Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18 (Suppl. 5): 100–108 Abstract Vaccination is the most efficient
strategy to prevent infectious disease. The increased vulnerability to infection of the elderly …