Food is a potent natural reward and food intake is a complex process. Reward and
gratification associated with food consumption leads to dopamine (DA) production, which in …

Food is consumed in order to maintain energy balance at homeostatic levels. In addition,
palatable food is also consumed for its hedonic properties independent of energy status …

An increasingly influential perspective conceptualizes both obesity and overeating as a food
addiction accompanied by corresponding brain changes. Because there are far-reaching …

The increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity is partially related to the ready availability of
highly palatable foods which increases the incidence of hedonic, non-homeostatic feeding …

Mammals expend energy in many ways, including basic cellular maintenance and repair,
digestion, thermoregulation, locomotion, growth and reproduction. These processes can …

The obesity epidemic has been widely publicized in the media worldwide. Investigators at all
levels have been looking for factors that have contributed to the development of this …

With rising rates of obesity, research continues to explore the contributions of homeostatic
and hedonic mechanisms related to eating behaviour. In this Review, we synthesize the …

In drug addiction, the transition from casual drug use to dependence has been linked to a
shift away from positive reinforcement and toward negative reinforcement. That is, drugs …

The concept of addiction is loaded with connotations and is often used for its political as
much as its medical utility. The scientific case for'food addiction'as a clinical phenotype …

A psychobiological dimension of eating behaviour is proposed, which is anchored at the low
end by energy intake that is relatively well matched to energy output and is reflected by a …