Organoids are simple tissue-engineered cell-based in vitro models that recapitulate many
aspects of the complex structure and function of the corresponding in vivo tissue. They can …

Most head and neck cancers are derived from the mucosal epithelium in the oral cavity,
pharynx and larynx and are known collectively as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma …

Adult stem cell–based organoid technology is a versatile tool for the generation and long-
term maintenance of near-native 3D epithelial tissues in vitro. The generation of cancer …

Simple Summary Cell cultures can be carried out in three dimensions (3D). Organoids and
spheroids are different 3D cell culture models that can be cultured with different techniques …

Cellular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly govern cancer
progression and drug response. The efficacy of clinical immunotherapies has fostered an …

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral
cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial …

Immunosurveillance is a critical mechanism guarding against tumor development and
progression. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant success in cancer treatment, but …

Effective predictive biomarkers are needed to enable personalized medicine and increase
treatment efficacy and survival for cancer patients, thereby reducing toxic side effects and …

Much of our knowledge regarding the interactions between epithelial tissues and the
immune system has been gathered from animal models and co-cultures with cell lines …

In colorectal cancers, the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in prognosis and therapy
efficacy. Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTO) show enormous potential for preclinical …