Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in individuals
infected with HIV-1. It has long been known that HIV-1 infection alters the course of M …

Monocytes and macrophages play critical roles in HIV transmission, viral spread early in
infection, and as a reservoir of virus throughout infection. There has been a recent …

Lung injury is characterized by inflammatory processes demonstrated as loss of function of
the pulmonary capillary endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells. Autophagy is an …

Globally, about 36.7 million people were living with HIV infection at the end of 2015. The
most frequent infection co-occurring with HIV-1 is Mycobacterium tuberculosis—374,000 …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART), while essential in combatting tuberculosis (TB) and HIV
coinfection, is often complicated by the TB-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory …

Better understanding of the role of opportunistic infections at ART initiation and IRIS
pathogenesis will assist in improved strategies for prevention and treatment. The long-term …

Paradoxical tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-
IRIS) is an aberrant inflammatory response occurring in a subset of TB-HIV co-infected …

Every year, about 1 million people living with HIV worldwide develop tuberculosis. Although
the drug regimens used to treat tuberculosis in these patients are the same as those used in …

The coalescence of the HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa has
had a significant and negative impact on global health. The availability of effective …

Patients co-infected with HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB) are at risk of developing TB-associated
immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) following commencement of …