Abstract The PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway is a highly conserved signal
transduction network in eukaryotic cells that promotes cell survival, cell growth, and cell …

Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents approximately 10% of all cancers and is the second
most common cause of cancer deaths. Initial clinical presentation as metastatic CRC …

Driver mutations promote initiation and progression of cancer. Pharmacological treatment
can inhibit the action of the mutant protein; however, drug resistance almost invariably …

Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are engineered techniques for targeted protein
degradation. A bifunctional PROTAC molecule with two covalently-linked ligands recruits …

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4)/B7 and programmed death 1
(PD-1)/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) are two most representative immune …

Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers in the world, and its morbidity and
mortality rates rank among the top ten in China. Currently, surgical resection, radiotherapy …

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ERBB family of tyrosine kinase
receptors. EGFR signaling cascade is a key regulator in cell proliferation, differentiation …

Remarkable progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted
therapies for patients with multiple cancer types, including melanoma, breast and lung …

Aberrant signalling of ERBB family members plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in
the escape from antitumour immunity in multiple malignancies. Molecular-targeted agents …

An increasing number of studies demonstrate the potential use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) as a
surrogate marker for multiple indications in cancer, including diagnosis, prognosis, and …