Although classically known as an endocrine signal produced by the ovary, 17β-estradiol (E
2) is also a neurosteroid produced in neurons and astrocytes in the brain of many different …

Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular
neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors …

General anesthesia—a pharmacologically induced reversible state of unconsciousness—
enables millions of life-saving procedures. Anesthetics induce unconsciousness in part by …

The aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) enzyme, or estrogen synthase, which is
coded by the CYP19A1 gene, is widely expressed in a subpopulation of excitatory and …

Estradiol exerts neuroprotective actions that are mediated by the regulation of a variety of
signaling pathways and homeostatic molecules. Among these is neuroglobin, which is …

Elevated temperatures during development affect a wide range of traits in ectotherms. Less
well understood is the impact of global warming on brain development, which has only …

Simple Summary Classically, 17β-estradiol, the most potent estrogen produced in the body,
is considered to be an endocrine hormone, which is produced primarily in the ovaries in …

Androgens are synthesized in the brain, gonads, and adrenal glands, in both sexes, exerting
physiologically important effects on the structure and function of the central nervous system …

Obesity and neurometabolic diseases have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Our
hypothesis is that the endogenous estrogenic component of human astrocytes plays a …

Many animals show pronounced changes in physiology and behavior across the annual
cycle, and these adaptations enable individuals to prioritize investing in the neuroendocrine …