Both skin wound healing and the cardiac response to myocardial infarction (MI) progress
through similar pathways involving inflammation, resolution, tissue repair, and scar …

Myocardial fibrosis is the result of abnormal healing after acute and chronic myocardial
damage and is a direct cause of heart failure and cardiac insufficiency. The clinical …

Background Myocardial fibrosis is the primary pathological characteristic of cardiovascular
disease, which can cause impaired cardiac function, severe heart failure, arrhythmia, and …

The epicardium, the outer layer of the heart, has been of interest in cardiac research due to
its vital role in the developing and diseased heart. During development, epicardial cells are …

Background Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) has been identified as an inflammation
regulator in the diseases of arteries and other organs. However, the relationship between …

Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Those that survive
acute myocardial infarction are at significant risk of subsequent heart failure due to fibrotic …

Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) plays a pivotal role in the
excess of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with CKD. There is now a …

Cardiac cells interact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins through integrin
mechanoreceptors that control many cellular events such as cell survival, apoptosis …

Ischemic insults to the heart and brain, ie, myocardial and cerebral infarction, respectively,
are amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. While there are therapeutic options to …

Chronic alcohol consumption in adults can induce cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, and heart
failure. In newborns, prenatal alcohol exposure can increase the risk of congenital heart …