Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in countless
infections and caused millions of deaths since its emergence in 2019. Coronavirus disease …

In patients with severe COVID‐19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple
organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and even mortality can result from cytokine storm …

Infection diseases such as AIDS and COVID-19 remain challenging in regard to protective
vaccine design, while adjuvants are critical for subunit vaccines to induce strong, broad, and …

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease that can lead to
hepatocyte destruction, inflammation, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. The diagnosis …

IL-22 has emerged as a crucial cytokine mediating protective response against pathogens
and tissue regeneration. Dysregulated production of IL-22 has been shown to play a pivotal …

HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and
disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial …

Background This study analyzed serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-33 (pro-
inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in 90 patients with mild/moderate coronavirus …

Background The severity of COVID-19 is associated with an elevated level of a variety of
inflammatory mediators. Increasing evidence suggests that the Th17 response contributes to …

The global outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic has become a major public health problem.
COVID-19 virus infection triggers a complex immune response. CD8+ T cells, in particular …

Objective Helicobacter pylori is planted in the human stomach and is the most common
cause of chronic gastritis, which produced specific local and systemic humoral immunity …