Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes constitute a superfamily of membrane-bound
hemoproteins that are responsible for the metabolism of a wide variety of clinically …

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
(ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development …

Background Enzyme-mediated biotransformation of pharmacological agents is a crucial step
in xenobiotic detoxification and drug disposition. Herein, we investigated the metabolism …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most lethal forms of breast cancer (BC),
with a significant disease burden worldwide. Chemoresistance and lack of targeted …

Almost all drug molecules become the substrates for oxidoreductase enzymes, get
metabolized into more hydrophilic products and eliminated from the body. These …

In recent years, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) has emerged as the most aggressive
subtype of breast cancer and is usually associated with increased mortality worldwide. The …

Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a cytosolic enzyme that belongs to the family of structurally related
molybdoflavoproteins like xanthine oxidase (XO). The enzyme is characterized by broad …

Emerging advances in the field of in vitro toxicity testing attempt to meet the need for reliable
human-based safety assessment in drug development. Intrahepatic cholangiocyte …

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a first line medication for multiple sclerosis. It has a favourable
safety profile, however, there is concern regarding the occurrence of moderate-severe and …

The formation of drug–protein adducts is considered an important feature in the
pharmacological and toxicological profiles of many drugs. Mechanistic insights into the role …