Underwater cities have long been the subject of science fiction novels and movies, but the
“urban sprawl” of artificial structures being developed in marine environments has …

Coastal erosion is occurring at a faster rate than in the past. The adverse impacts are not
negligible at environmental, economic, and socio-cultural levels. Hence, coastal protection …

As well as their destructive roles, plants, animals and microorganisms contribute to
geomorphology and ecology via direct and indirect bioprotection, which can reduce …

Attempts to understand the morphodynamics of rock coasts focus on the nature and rate of
erosion and how this influences the evolution of coastal profiles over century to millennial …

Urbanisation is recognised as a major pressure on coastal biodiversity. Increasing risks of
flooding and erosion associated with future climate change indicate that new hard …

Microorganisms are a ubiquitous feature of most hard substrata on Earth and their role in the
geomorphological alteration of rock and stone is widely recognized. The role of …

The way in which rocks and engineering materials heat‐up and dry‐out in the intertidal zone
is of relevance to both weathering and ecology. These behaviours can be measured in the …

The authors present key design, construction and ecological enhancement criteria for
sustainable coastal defence structures at Hartlepool, UK, a high-energy wave climate. Such …

The wetting–drying and warming–cooling behaviours of rock and stone are known to
influence the nature and rate of weathering. The way materials warm‐up and dry‐out also …

This paper presents a new framework of critical success factors (CSF) that is being
developed to aid approval of ecological enhancements and green engineering options in …