Three-dimensional (3D) printing is well acknowledged to constitute an important technology
in tissue engineering, largely due to the increasing global demand for organ replacement …

Abstract 3D bioprinting technology can rapidly process cell-loaded biomaterials to prepare
personalized scaffolds for repairing defective tissues, tissue regeneration, and even printing …

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting fabricates 3D functional tissues/organs by
accurately depositing the bioink composed of the biological materials and living cells. Even …

Plastic surgery is a discipline that uses surgical methods or tissue transplantation to repair,
reconstruct and beautify the defects and deformities of human tissues and organs. Three …

In recent years, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has attracted wide research interest in
biomedical engineering and clinical applications. This technology allows for unparalleled …

Advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing have increased feasibility towards the
synthesis of living tissues. Known as 3D bioprinting, this technology involves the precise …

Research into 4D printing has attracted unprecedented interest since 2013 when the idea
was first introduced. It is based on 3D printing technology, but requires additional stimulus …

The development of programmable functional biomaterials makes 4D printing add a new
dimension, time (t), based on 3D structures (x, y, z), therefore, 4D printed constructs could …

Cartilage tissue is deprived of intrinsic self-regeneration capability; hence, its damage often
progresses to a chronic condition which reduces the quality of life. Toward the fabrication of …

Abstract 3D bioprinting is emerging as a promising technology for fabricating complex tissue
constructs with tailored biological components and mechanical properties. Recent advances …