Body fat mass increases when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. In the long term,
a positive energy balance will result in obesity. The worldwide prevalence of obesity has …

As the world overheats—potentially to conditions warmer than during the three million years
over which modern humans evolved—suffering from heat stress will become widespread …

Life‐history theory concerns the trade‐offs that mold the patterns of investment by animals
between reproduction, growth, and survival. It is widely recognized that physiology plays a …

Evaporative heat dissipation is a key aspect of avian thermoregulation in hot environments.
We quantified variation in avian thermoregulatory performance at high air temperatures (T a) …

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of metabolism of a resting, postabsorptive, non-
reproductive, adult bird or mammal, measured during the inactive circadian phase at a …

We investigated the effects of environmental factors on average daily milk yield and day-to-
day variation in milk yield of barn-housed Scottish dairy cows milked with an automated …

Individuals store energy to balance deficits in natural cycles; however, unnatural events can
also lead to unbalanced energy budgets. Entanglement in fishing gear is one example of an …

The prevalence of obesity in modern societies has two major contributory factors—an
environmental change that has happened in historical times and a genetic predisposition …

Human obesity has a large genetic component, yet has many serious negative
consequences. How this state of affairs has evolved has generated wide debate. The thrifty …

Predicted increases in global average temperature are physiologically trivial for most
endotherms. However, heat waves will also increase in both frequency and severity, and …