Background: Medications used to treat respiratory diseases include beta-adrenoceptors,
antimuscarinics, inhaled and oral corticosteroids, and theophyllines. Most of these drugs …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is independently associated with an
increased burden of cardiovascular disease. Besides coronary artery disease (CAD) and …

Coronary artery disease (CAD), chronic heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD) occur commonly in the presence of each other and are associated with …

The use of bronchodilators is one of the key elements in the treatment of chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD), although there is often limited reversibility of airflow obstruction …

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common disorders that are
associated with increasing morbidity and mortality in older people. Bronchodilators are used …

Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of
Medicine and the Houston Veterans Administration Medical Center; and Department of …

Beta-adrenergic stimulation may increase heart rate and the potential for cardiac
arrhythmias. The effect of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs) on these outcomes …

Background Patients with COPD have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Despite
the clinical benefits of long-acting β-agonist agents in the treatment of COPD, patients may …

Chronic airway diseases (CAD), mainly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), are frequently associated with different comorbidities. Among them, cardiovascular …

A broad spectrum of concomitant disorders may complicate heart failure adding further
morbidity and mortality risk. Comorbidities may be subdivided into cardiovascular and …