Chronic airway diseases (CAD), mainly asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD), are frequently associated with different comorbidities. Among them, cardiovascular …

Background β 2-Adrenoceptor agonists have been used as bronchodilators in the
management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, there …

Older adults have a higher prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
which will likely increase substantially in the coming decades owing to aging populations …

The aim of our study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic effects of 1-day treatment with
formoterol, tiotropium and their combination in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular diseases often coexist.
The mechanistic links between these two diseases are complex, multifactorial and not …

Inhaled bronchodilators, including beta2-agonists and antimuscaric receptor antagonists,
are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The …

Long-acting β 2 agonist bronchodilators (eg formoterol, salmeterol) are a new interesting
therapeutic option for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In the …

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of formoterol, ipratropium bromide and a
placebo on walking distance, lung function, symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in chronic …

Abstract β 2-Adrenoceptors are widely, almost ubiquitously, expressed. Activation of these
receptors on bronchial smooth muscle by short-and long-acting β 2-adrenoceptor agonists …

Most people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are unaware of the
smoldering airway inflammation present in their lungs, which places them at increased risk …