Since the publication of the first edition, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as a
public health issue, has increased in line with the predictions of the World Health …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and
mortality, and its incidence has grown within several years, quickly becoming the third …

Background While inhaled bronchodilators reduce symptoms and acute exacerbations of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), their use is associated with increased …

There are proposals for the implementation of β2‐adrenoceptor agonists for the
management of muscle wasting diseases. The idea has been initiated by studies in animal …

OBJECTIVE: To describe the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and mechanisms of benefit, formulations available, drug costs, pharmacokinetic …

Introduction Long-acting beta agonists and inhaled corticosteroids combination products
(LABA-ICS) are widely used in the treatment of asthma. However, there appears to be little …

The natural history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by an
accelerated annual decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). One of the …

Background: Recently, there have been concerns about the tolerability of long-acting ²-
agonists, including possible adverse cardiovascular effects—a particular concern in patients …

Early identification and intervention before the onset of symptomatic disease is the goal of
management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 30, 79 Most patients with …