CD38 is a molecule that can act as an enzyme, with NAD-depleting and intracellular
signaling activity, or as a receptor with adhesive functions. CD38 can be found expressed …

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a dysregulated neuro-glial
microenvironment, culminating in functional deficits resulting from neuronal cell death …

While neuroinflammation is an evolving concept and the cells involved and their functions
are being defined, microglia are understood to be a key cellular mediator of brain injury and …

Meningeal lymphatics near the cribriform plate undergo lymphangiogenesis during
neuroinflammation to drain excess fluid. Here, we hypothesized that lymphangiogenic …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous
system (CNS) that causes substantial morbidity and diminished quality of life. Evidence …

Abstract Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a cytokine that has been strongly implicated in the
pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases and solid malignancies. Elevated IL-11 expression is also …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease
characterized by myelin damage followed by axonal and ultimately neuronal loss. The …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder of putative autoimmune origin.
Clinical studies delineate abnormal expression of specific cytokines over the course of …

IL-1β and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are linked to inflammation. Activation of
the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the maturation and …

Abstract Recombinant interferon (IFN) β-1b was approved by the US Food and Drug
Administration as the first disease-modifying therapy (DMT) for multiple sclerosis (MS) in …