Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the main forms of inflammatory bowel
diseases (IBD) in man, are thought to be caused by an excessive and poorly controlled …

The advent of biological drugs has had a significant impact on the management of
inflammatory bowel diseases. For an important group of patients with Crohn's disease and …

Neurons are postmitotic and thus irreplaceable cells of the central nervous system (CNS).
Accordingly, CNS inflammation with resulting neuronal damage can have devastating …

Over the past decade a major hypothesis has emerged for the etiopathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This hypothesis proposes that IBD represents a …

T helper (TH) cells can assume different phenotypes characterized by the secretion of
distinct effector molecules. Interferon-γ producing TH1 and IL-4 producing TH2 cells have …

The major concern of pharmacology about cytokines has originated from plentiful data
showing association between gross changes in their production and pathophysiological …

Gastrointestinal disease is often overlooked or simply forgotten as a cause of osteoporosis.
Yet, the consequences of osteoporotic fractures can be devastating. Although the bulk of the …

During the last two decades, a number of approaches for the activation of the immune
system against cancer has been developed. These include highly specific interventions …

In the past few years, antagonists of tumour necrosis factor have resulted in unforetold
therapeutic benefits in Crohn's disease, but the magnitude and duration of responses are …

It is generally believed that inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are caused by an aberrant
immune response to environmental triggers in genetically susceptible individuals. The exact …