Parkinson's disease (PD) usually presents in older adults and typically has both motor and
non-motor dysfunctions. PD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder resulting from …

Only a few years after the introduction of levodopa, the first descriptions of motor fluctuations
and dyskinesia related to dopaminergic therapy appeared. In PD, attention turned to their …

Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a well-known adverse effect of dopamine agonists
(DAAs). This critical review aims to summarize data on the prevalence and factors …

Neuropsychiatric mood and motivation symptoms (depression, anxiety, apathy, impulse
control disorders) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are highly disabling, difficult to treat and …

Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common and disabling in PD. Their neurobiological bases
are complex, partly because of the disease itself and partly because of the dopaminergic …

Background Impulse‐control and related behavioral disorders (ICBDs) significantly impact
the lives of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and caregivers, with lasting consequences if …

Apathy is commonly defined as a loss of motivation leading to a reduction in goal-directed
behaviors. This multidimensional syndrome, which includes cognitive, emotional and …

Background and purpose Several studies have indicated that altered serotonergic
neurotransmission may contribute to non‐motor features commonly associated with …

Current pharmacotherapy has limited efficacy and/or intolerable side effects in late-stage
Parkinson's disease (LsPD) patients whose daily life depends primarily on caregivers and …

In addition to classical motor symptoms, Parkinson's disease (PD) patients display
incapacitating neuropsychiatric manifestations, such as apathy, anhedonia, depression and …