Over the past decade, pharmacogenetic testing has emerged in clinical practice to guide
selected cardiovascular therapies. The most common implementation in practice is …

Numerous studies found intestinal microbiota alterations which are thought to affect the
development of various diseases through the production of gut-derived metabolites …

The medical community recognizes sex-related differences in pathophysiology and
cardiovascular disease outcomes (CVD), culminating with heart failure. In general, pre …

Abstract Background Phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln)—a newly discovered microbial
metabolite produced by phenylalanine metabolism—is reportedly associated with …

Betablockers (BBs) are prescribed for ischaemia in patients with acute coronary syndrome
(ACS). In Spain, bisoprolol and carvedilol are the most prescribed BBs, but patients often …

Background: Cardiac sialylation is involved in a variety of physiological processes in the
heart. Altered sialylation has been implicated in heart failure (HF) mice. However, its role in …

Rationale: The β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR), a prototypical GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor),
couples to both Gs and Gi proteins. Stimulation of the β2-AR is beneficial to humans and …

Introduction β-blockers are among the most widely prescribed of all drugs, used for
treatment of a large number of cardiovascular diseases. Herein we evaluate literature …

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often recognized from experimental
and clinical studies examining the prevalence, manifestations, and response to therapies …

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with differential beta-
blocker (BB) effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and left ventricular ejection fraction in …