Decades of research confirm that noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) neurons are essential
for arousal, attention, motivation, and stress responses. While most studies on LC …

Heroin addiction is a chronic complex disease with a substantial genetic contribution. This
study was designed to identify genetic variants that are associated with susceptibility to …

Objective Leptin modulates food reward via central leptin receptor (LepRb) expressing
neurons. Food reward requires stimulation of midbrain dopamine neurons and is modulated …

Addiction to opiates such as morphine is a major public health concern. A more thorough
understanding of the molecular mechanisms of opiate addiction can lead to better treatment …

BACKGROUND: Converging evidence implicates the regulatory neuropeptide galanin in
anxiety-and depression-related behaviors, through modulation of neuroendocrine …

Galanin, a 29 residue peptide found in the hypothalamus, causes orexigenic effects in a
variety of species. In the present study, we investigated appetite-associated effects of …

The neuropeptide galanin and its three receptor subtypes (GalR1‐3) are expressed in the
central amygdala (CeA), a brain region involved in stress‐and anxiety‐related behaviors, as …

The neuropeptide galanin is reported to attenuate opioid withdrawal symptoms, potentially
by reducing neuronal hyperactivity in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) via galanin …

The Third Galanin Symposium presented many different and exciting results on galanin
research reflecting a major progress since the previous symposium in 1998. A major …

Learning and memory systems are intimately involved in drug addiction. Previous studies
suggest that galanin, a neuropeptide that binds G-protein coupled receptors, plays essential …