Cancer is a disease caused by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in two
types of genes: tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and proto-oncogenes. Extensive research …

The acquisition of genomic instability is one of the key characteristics of the cancer cell, and
microsatellite instability (MSI) is an important segment of this phenomenon. This review aims …

More than 1.6 million new cases of cancer will be diagnosed in the US in 2016, resulting in
more than 500,000 deaths. Although chemotherapy has been the mainstay of treatment in …

Glioblastoma (WHO grade IV glioma) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in
adults. Survival has remained largely static for decades, despite significant efforts to develop …

Epigenetic silencing of the O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene
promoter is associated with prolonged survival in glioblastoma patients treated with …

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a DNA-methylating agent that has recently been introduced into
Phase II and III trials for the treatment of gliomas. TMZ produces O 6-methylguanine in DNA …

Purpose Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is one of the most devastating of pediatric
malignancies and one for which no effective therapy exists. A major contributor to the failure …

Genomic imprinting refers to an epigenetic marking of genes that results in monoallelic
expression. This parent-of-origin dependent phenomenon is a notable exception to the laws …

Heterozygous mutations in one of the mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6
and PMS2 cause the dominant adult cancer syndrome termed Lynch syndrome or hereditary …

Mutation of DNA mismatch repair genes has rarely been documented in sporadic gastric
carcinoma with microsatellite instability (MSI). In sporadic colorectal carcinoma, hMLH1 …