The functions, purposes, and roles of metallothioneins have been the subject of
speculations since the discovery of the protein over 60 years ago. This article guides …

Evidence for the importance of zinc for all immune cells and for mounting an efficient and
balanced immune response to various environmental stressors has been accumulating in …

The functions of iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, molybdenum, boron, and chlorine in
plants are discussed. Iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in redox systems in cells and various …

Although oxidative phosphorylation is best known for producing ATP, it also yields reactive
oxygen species (ROS) as invariant byproducts. Depletion of ROS below their physiological …

Heavy metals are frequently employed in a variety of industries, including industry,
agriculture, food processing, and domestic appliances. Heavy metal concentrations will be …

Mammalian metallothioneins (MTs) are a group of cysteine-rich proteins that bind metal ions
in two α-and β-domains and represent a major cellular Zn (II)/Cu (I) buffering system in the …

Nearly 10% of all plant proteins belong to the zinc (Zn) proteome. They require Zn either for
catalysis or as a structural element. Most of the protein-bound Zn in eukaryotic cells is found …

Many secretory enzymes acquire essential zinc ions (Zn2+) in the Golgi complex. ERp44, a
chaperone operating in the early secretory pathway, also binds Zn2+ to regulate its client …

Zinc is an essential micronutrient, and its deficiency is perhaps the most prevalent and least
understood worldwide. Recent advances have expanded the understanding of zinc's unique …

Abstract Metallothioneins (MTs) are small, Cys-rich proteins present in various but not all
organisms, from bacteria to humans. They participate in zinc and copper metabolism, toxic …