Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins
CRH Raetz, C Whitfield - Annual review of biochemistry, 2002 - annualreviews.org
▪ Abstract Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) typically consist of a hydrophobic domain
known as lipid A (or endotoxin), a nonrepeating “core” oligosaccharide, and a distal …
known as lipid A (or endotoxin), a nonrepeating “core” oligosaccharide, and a distal …
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of innate immune-recognition receptors that recognize
molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens, and induce antimicrobial immune …
molecular patterns associated with microbial pathogens, and induce antimicrobial immune …
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
H Hemmi, O Takeuchi, T Kawai, T Kaisho, S Sato… - Nature, 2000 - nature.com
DNA from bacteria has stimulatory effects on mammalian immune cells,,, which depend on
the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the bacterial DNA. In contrast …
the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in the bacterial DNA. In contrast …
The roles of TLRs, RLRs and NLRs in pathogen recognition
T Kawai, S Akira - International immunology, 2009 - academic.oup.com
The mammalian innate immune system detects the presence of microbial infection through
germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid …
germ line-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid …
Toll-like receptors
K Takeda, T Kaisho, S Akira - Annual review of immunology, 2003 - annualreviews.org
The innate immune system in drosophila and mammals senses the invasion of
microorganisms using the family of Toll receptors, stimulation of which initiates a range of …
microorganisms using the family of Toll receptors, stimulation of which initiates a range of …
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity
R Medzhitov - Nature Reviews Immunology, 2001 - nature.com
Toll-like receptors have a crucial role in the detection of microbial infection in mammals and
insects. In mammals, these receptors have evolved to recognize conserved products unique …
insects. In mammals, these receptors have evolved to recognize conserved products unique …
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity
S Akira - Advances in immunology, 2001 - Elsevier
Immunity in higher organisms can be broadly categorized into adaptive immunity and innate
immunity. Adaptive immunity is mediated by clonally distributed T and B lymphocytes which …
immunity. Adaptive immunity is mediated by clonally distributed T and B lymphocytes which …
The RNA helicase RIG-I has an essential function in double-stranded RNA-induced innate antiviral responses
M Yoneyama, M Kikuchi, T Natsukawa, N Shinobu… - Nature …, 2004 - nature.com
Intracellular double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a chief sign of replication for many viruses.
Host mechanisms detect the dsRNA and initiate antiviral responses. In this report, we …
Host mechanisms detect the dsRNA and initiate antiviral responses. In this report, we …
[HTML][HTML] Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity
S Akira, K Takeda, T Kaisho - Nature immunology, 2001 - nature.com
Recognition of pathogens is mediated by a set of germline-encoded receptors that are
referred to as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors recognize conserved …
referred to as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors recognize conserved …
[HTML][HTML] TRPA1 channels mediate acute neurogenic inflammation and pain produced by bacterial endotoxins
Gram-negative bacterial infections are accompanied by inflammation and somatic or
visceral pain. These symptoms are generally attributed to sensitization of nociceptors by …
visceral pain. These symptoms are generally attributed to sensitization of nociceptors by …